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Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors. Some of the earliest works we possess are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] As the empire expanded, authors began to produce poetry, comedy, history, and tragedy. Virgil represents the pinnacle of Roman epic poetry. His Aeneid tells the story of flight of Aeneas fromTroy and his settlement of the city that would become Rome. The genre of satire was common in Rome,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and satires were written by, among others, Juvenal[69] and Persius. Many Roman homes were decorated with landscapes by Greek artists. Portrait sculpture[70]during the period utilized youthful and classical proportions, evolving later into a mixture of realism and idealism. Advancements were also made in relief sculptures, often depicting Roman victories.
Music was a major part of everyday life. The word itself derives from Greek μουσικ? (mousike), "(art) of the Muses".[71] Many private and public events were accompanied by music, ranging from nightly dining to military parades and manoeuvres. In a discussion of any ancient music, however, non-specialists and even many musicians have to be reminded that much of what makes our modern music familiar to us is the result of developments only within the last 1,000 years; thus,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] our ideas of melody, scales, harmony, and even the instruments we use would not be familiar to Romans who made and listened to music many centuries earlier.
Over time, Roman architecture was modified as their urban requirements changed, and the civil engineering and buildingconstruction technology became developed and refined. The Roman concrete has remained a riddle, and even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently.[72] The architectural style of the capital city was emulated by other urban centres under Roman control and influence.
Greek was already widely spoken in many cities in the east, and as such, the Romans were quite content to retain it as an administrative language there rather than impede bureaucratic efficiency. Hence, two official secretaries served in the Roman Imperial court, one charged with correspondence in Latin and the other with correspondence in Greek for the East.[40]? Thus in the Eastern Province, as with all provinces,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] original languages were retained.